32 mm. Connect the small white port on the cable to the BLTouch sensor. The Sonic Pad very closely resembles a rugged tablet, sporting a 7-inch touch-screen display with a resolution of 1024×600 pixels. Make sure you have selected the correct version of the E5 S1 Yes, another one, zero y-offset probe mount for the Ender-3 S1/S1 Pro! X offset -44mm. So click on the link and scroll to the section that details the bl touch and you will see the offset values. An example would be M851 X3 Y5 to set X offset to 3 and Y offset to 5. It seemed like an easy way to start using Klipper and my printer was listed as a supported model. 23mm and 0. The Z offset with CR/BL touch is always negative. For being my first calibration print I feel like it turned out okay. During calibration, the sensor pin hangs off the board on the left side, and the nozzle dug straight into my plate damaging it and then the plate tried to force itself up and until the gears slipped. Select E3v2 with ABL. save_config: set [bltouch] z_offset = -0. cfg file. One outstanding issue is the BL touch sensor is not "retracted" between spots on a 5X5 mesh. 199 pin_move_time: 1 samples: 2 # Set z offset = -1. Hey all, I just installed the EZABL Pro sensor mod from TH3D on my SV06 and have been having issues getting it to work with my Sonic Pad running Klipper. 000011 mcu_task_stddev=0. I suppose I should put on Thingiverse. Mar 17, 2024 · Similarly, the Y offset is the distance between those two along the Y-axis. Nov 28, 2021 · [bltouch] sensor_pin: P0. I didn't see this post in the search so sorry if I missed it. The sample klipper configs for Creality CR-10S are dated 2017, and there seem to be at least a few new mainboards since then, with different pinouts. How many squares depends on the probe count value. nozzle replacement or a different probe mount), the nozzle and the probe remain the same height offset from each other. you can set a lower z-offset, but you have to "allow" it with a position_min setting in your [stepper_z] config. 5,117. cfg #*# #*# [bltouch] #*# z_offset = 5. I have been printing with my Ender 5s1 for a month or so and I just got a sonic pad for Christmas. 001 after testz=-4 #*# <----- SAVE_CONFIG -----> #*# DO NOT probe to nozzle offset. April 24, 2024. You need to account for the probe offset in the bltouch section, though. If it. Dec 30, 2023 · I got the horizontal_move_z can't be less than probe's z_offset when I tried to perform a BED_MESH_CALIBRATE PROFILE=bed_mesh METHOD=automatic. Dec 18, 2023 · I tried some probe-calibrate command, but that was not satisfying - manual procedure and the result was not as good as before. You will need to intervene so that the z axis does not ram into the nozzle. variable_probe_count_scale - Scaling factor to increase probe count for partial bed probes. 25] The Creality Sonic Pad is a 7” colour tablet that connects to your 3D printer with a USB cable. horizontal_move_z: 10 [virtual_sdcard] path: ~/gcode_files [bltouch] sensor_pin: ^PA11 control_pin: PA8 speed: 20 x_offset: 31 y_offset: -6 #z_offset: 5. At the same time, change the extruder settings to match the Sprite as well. In this configuration it is possible offset the mesh so that the (X, Y) reference position applies zero adjustment. Aug 12, 2021 · 1/ forgot the ABL Probe offset wizzard! **. The probe z_offset will then be calculated from these measurements. Look in the example printer. - Move nozzle to 110,110 (Center point) and Z to 0. When I proceed with the auto calibration where it checks the 25 (?) spots This can make calculating the probe's z-offset challenging, particularly at different bed temperatures. setting right rear to 360 360. Now during this setup process, at the probe levelling stage (followed by manual bed levelling and the auto levelling the bed mesh), when the homing Z-axis takes place, it settles at 4. Set the offsets with M851. Manually level the 4 corners, using the same sheet of paper. I did a fan mod on my Ender 3 S1 pro that moved the CR Touch probe to the right side of the extruder. Jan 19, 2023 · The first method we can use to calibrate the probe Z offset value for the BLTouch is to use the M851 (XYZ probe offset) G-code in Marlin firmware. A SBC running Klipper along with Moonraker, Fluidd, Mainsail and KlipperScreen A …. org/https://www. 460 samples: 2 pin_move_time: 2. # If you prefer a direct serial connection, in "make menuconfig". The Klipper PROBE_CALIBRATE tool can be used to obtain this value - it will run an automatic probe to measure the probe's Z trigger position and then start a manual probe to obtain the nozzle Z height. The gantry moves and essentially "drags" the BL Touch probe in the down position from one spot to the next. 0. 01mm and . I was able to adjust the offset when I was using Marlin. I have upgraded my printer with the CR Touch and Sprite Extruder Pro. Remove those 2 lines. So some people say their sonic pad has two versions listed after resetting it. 25. Ok i have an update, i managed to do it. If you use the pad to do it, it will automatically edit your config file for you with the new value. I was on vacation. running PRTOUCH_PROBE_ZOFFSET alone will just print out the touch probes z-offset and give you the option to save it using SAVE_CONFIG. 88. Jan 18, 2023 · Hi there, sorry for answering that late. so looking at the log: bltouch: z_offset: -0. Reply. Remove the two screws holding the hot end enclosure onto the carriage. General Discussion. Adjust the offset numbers and such to match your machine. My printer seems to work like this, but this is explicitly wrong. But others had success. Basic Information: Printer Model: Ender 3V2 MCU / Printerboard: V4. Ender 3 S1 Pro w/Sonic Pad Beginner Calibration question. How do i set the probe offset before finishing the setup process? My sprite pro has the probe out to the left farther than stock bracket and it crashes the bed when doing that Creality Sonic Pad Official Community | How do i set the probe offset before finishing the setup process Sonic Pad Ender 3 Pro help. 5 # Can be set lower, example 2. Still a work in progress for me, but hopefully it helps you get started. Place the mount above the enclosure so that the screw holes variable_probe_mesh_padding - Extra padding around the rectangle defined by MESH_MIN and MESH_MAX. moving the endstops. When the self checks are done, go into the printer. PiccoloCurious5872. 5,5 would be 25. 2mm. Jun 7, 2021 · This is commonly used to virtually change the Z bed offset or to set nozzle XY offsets when switching extruders. Been using my Sonic Pad since end of December and had it working decent for many prints. When creating klipper firmware with make menuconfig choose STM32F103 with 28KiB bootloader, serial communication on . log Hi I’ve just received my Sonic pad and gone through the updates Jan 12, 2023 · 3D Printer Firmware. I'm 100% sure I'm doing this wrong because the instructions for updating The z offset moves while printing are very small. Change the probe offsets in the printer. I installed a Sonic Pad last night, runs great except that the XYZ travel distances are off, particularly Z, which is causing Z-Height calibration issues. You can try decreasing the dimensions for bed mesh and make sure the bed coordinates (endstop and xymax) are correct as well as the xy probe offset. 000. setting front left edge to 0 0. I'd even tried to contact Creality (not helpful) to work out what was going on, so finding this thread saved my bacon. You can try adjusting your probe offset; i have almost the same set-up. This appeared to be the same motherboard Open up the sonic pad on the web browser,go to configurations. I have an Ender 3 with a BL touch and a few months ago I added the sonic pad and switched over to Klipper. You will need to adjust your printer. it is the distance from probe tip to nozzle tip. 46. log Hi I’ve just received my Sonic pad and gone through the updates ready to connect to my printer. Recently purchased Creality sonic pad to use with my Ender 3 Pro. I’ve reset my sonic pad and updated it several times. After watching four or five YouTube videos and scanning the internet for some answers, I decided to post here. Newer versions do not have the end stop, and the probe is offset to the left of the nozzle. Don't do it, you dont need to. It said that the value was out of range and I’d have to modify in the the printer. 00mm. Configure -> Z Probe calibration. Enter the measured values as a negative value (e. 05 mm Y= 20. 2. ago • Edited 2 yr. Share. Then you need to use the homing calculator on th3d website to have the correct dimensions for the probe. 5 mm to the left of the nozzle and 40. 23mm then save/restart. 2mm to adjust Z height 0. Ran manual leveling to loosen the springs off until the bed just touched the nozzle, rotating around each of the 4 points at least 3 times each to ensure no further adjustments were required And set the probe pin as !PA7 on both the config and ezabl file. [bltouch] # enable for BLTouch - fast-mode sensor_pin: ^P0. 5 Set the probe The x and y offsets are relative to the nozzle, telling the printer how far right/left and forth/back the probe is from the nozzle. After flashing the Klipper firmware onto my printer I discovered that the stock Ender 5s1 prod hangs off end of bed. cfg file and make the adjustment and restart. 450 Hello I have a ENDER 3 max neo with a sprite pro installed and also a sonic pad running klipper and a limit switch cover from thingiverse. 2 Chipset GD32F303 klippy. If the X_ADJUST style parameters are used, then the adjustment will be added to any existing offset (eg, “SET In this particular case the z-offset was set to -0. As such, some printers use an endstop for homing the Z axis and a probe for calibrating the mesh. You haven't said how you set up the sonic pad to run with your configuration - but make sure your probe offset is correct or it can do weird things with your mesh (if it completes a mesh in the first place). If you set those correctly then, when you home all axis, the probe point for home should touch the center of the build plate. ago. Use the 2 longer screws to install the mount to the right of the hot end (there are two holes for this purpose). g. 6. Adjusting probe offsets does nothing. Sonic pad bed mesh problems I’m having some weird problems with the mesh on my S1 pro. This worked before I performed a PROBE_CALIBRATE and SAVE_CONFIG. # select "Enable extra low-level configuration options" and select. Jul 25, 2022 · Manually level the bed using the Jyers manual leveling feature while the bed is at printing temperature and the Z-offset is set to 0 or greater. After you flash your printer the LCD on your printer will not display anything, I disconnected and removed mine. When You setup the Ender 5 pro in sonic pad select the Ender 5 pro with abl if you don’t see the Ender pro 5 you may need to update probe_with_touch_mode: True x_offset: -44 # modify as needed for bltouch location y_offset: -6 # modify as needed for bltouch location #z_offset: 1 # modify as needed for bltouch or run PROBE_CALIBRATE speed: 10 samples: 3 sample_retract_dist: 2. 000, don't run auto bed level again. 5 Adjusted the stepper_x to reach the last x axis probe point with the new probe offset: [stepper_x] position_max: 246. Connect to the web interface. First, you will need to mount the probe on the printer using the provided bracket: Use the 2 screws included in the kit to mount the BLTouch sensor to the bracket. 001 mcu_task_avg=0. Print Fixed. Our mainboard has v2. 0 # SERVOS x_offset: 40 # modify as needed for bltouch location y_offset: 0 # modify as needed for bltouch location #z_offset: 0 # modify as needed for bltouch or run PROBE_CALIBRATE Sonic Pad XYZ Calibration. Open klipper web interface from pc, and in config menu select printer. Manually tram/level between auto levels until your total variance is < 0. Where this information was stored to my printer. Ver 1. setting true center at 180 180. The PRTOUCH_PROBE_ZOFFSET command takes a couple optional parameters, APPLY_Z_ADJUST and CLEAR_NOZZLE. This is the current set-up i am using for the probe, I also had to adjust the mesh, to stop the print head carriage slamming into the frame. e. Save the file, run the probe calibration on the sonic pad. After it restarts, check to make sure that value is now at the bottom of the do not Mount the BLTouch sensor to the hot end carriage. 5 y_offset: 0. That is all you should have to do. 1. If you have positive offset that means your nozzle touching the bed first because your probe is higher in positive Z direction. Jun 29, 2023 · The only time I get a really good print is if I reset Klipper to factory default settings and go thru the process of setting up my printer. 1 x_offset: -43 y_offset: -10 # z_offset = 1. Here the z-offset is stored in the printer. Hello, i will give a detailled answer so you have something to work with: releveling the bed in order to bring it higher up is a mistake, because it takes away spring tension and makes the bed unstable. 6 in front of it. cfg but it didn't do shit and the printer still thinks the I just set up my Ender 5 S1, went through the levelling on the printer itself and it worked fine, printed a perfect benchy. variable_probe_min_count - Minimum number of probes for partial probing of a bed mesh. I got the sonic pad today and adjusted the offsets in the bl_touch section of printer. Z offset is the offset between the probe and the nozzle, not distance from the bed. cfg to fix the probe from not hitting the bed. After you connect your sonic pad to your wifi you will want to enter the IP address in a web browser. [safe_z_home] home_xy_position:161. Add the standard ender 6 to the sonic pad. **This config is applicable only for sprite pro extruder on an ender 3 v2 with the back screw cut Mar 21, 2023 · I have been having a bunch of issues with my SonicPad recently, not the least of which was the inability to update the firmware through any method!!! Finall May 31, 2024 · Initially, the sensor works and I can do the z-offset adjustment (Z-PROBE) with the „paper-sheet-method. I got a Sonic Pad for Christmas and Installed it. The z-offset is a physical measurement of the distance between the nozzle and the touch sensor trigger point. Z offset has nothing to do with the cr touch probe. Copy them to your config via the browser page. darcoSM. As I try and do the probe configuration, it gets upset and tells me that the values are outside the acceptable range and Welcome to the Ender 3 community, a specialized subreddit for all users of the Ender 3 3D printer. there are lines for the probe in it. • 15 hr. I've done the screws and z offset etc. I put G29 on the line after G28 in my start up code and then it does the measurement right before every print. 96 mm. Running stock board on Ender 3 Pro. cfg file and there are around 10 (total guess) lines that are already there that say something to the effect of "uncomment Ender 5s1 Sonic Pad Klipper Help. Here, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and professionals gather to discuss, troubleshoot, and explore everything related to 3D printing with the Ender 3. I went through the process (during which it found a firmware update) and have it hooked up. The pad is looking for them to be listed a certain way for it to populate the menu. [probe] pin: !PB12 z_offset: 0 activate_gcode: probe_reset [output_pin probe_reset_pin] pin: PB13 sonic pad new setup printhead moves off bed during auto level We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. It just says “Must home before probe” and “No trigger Find out you can go to menu - configuration - advanced settings - probe offsets. It was the only way I could make it work with the in menu r/FixMyPrint. Everything has been running fine until today. One with the z axis end stop and one without. - Use filler gauge 0. BobZahn January 12, 2023, 7:00pm 1. I remixed one I found here on this sub to make it lighter and to reduce the X offset slightly (not tool head weight is a limiting factor on a bed slinger, I just enjoy the technical challenge and aesthetic). 0 # Some BLTouch V3 and many clones apparently require this, though mine didnt: pin_up_touch_mode_reports_triggered: true #flavor: genuine_smart_3. 0: gcodein=0 mcu: mcu_awake=0. After doing the manual pre-adjustment on all 4 adjustment screws by tightening them to block and adjust all 4 corners with 1mm distance, the following step is the auto leveling step. Am I missing something, my horizontal_move_z IS more than z_offset. - In printer. The community of r/FixMyPrint will help you fix your 3D printer settings for the most optimal prints. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 000009 bytes_write=385997 There are 2 different versions of the E5 S1 in the Sonic pad. 400 probe_with_touch_mode: False pin_up_reports_not_triggered: True pin_up_touch_mode_reports Need some help, I am in the process of setting up my printer again after the update and starting the probe calibration and this always happens. Some versions I saw had it centered and had a switch for the z-axis. I say OK and it all restarts fine and the printer. 10 # Pull-up (^ symbol) needed in open drain mode control_pin: P2. After installing everything I tried to run a auto bed level and and the probe seems be to off to the right and barely hits the bed when at the last probe to the right. To enable either or both, call PRTOUCH_PROBE_ZOFFSET by setting them to one. klipper3d. Ran Z-probe to get baseline offset leaving about 2mm for manual leveling. So I think this is why the framework only accept absolute value. I had to look up the settings for my sprite We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. There, you should have z_offset: 0. You might have to make some slight adjustments to the board size. Start at 36,36 and end at 183,183. it works beautifully. Unless you make changes to the print head itself (e. Question about probe calibration with Sonic Pad. The z_offset is the distance between the nozzle and bed when the probe triggers. Time to return to the Raspberry Pi and hopes they work this thing out. Save and restart. Z_offset: at the bottom do not edit section. I am brand new to this and I'm just trying to get my printer calibrated. Award. Run a final probe offset ensuring the head just touches the bed. How do I change the prope settings and the extrusion rate settings on the sonic pad, due to the fact I made some upgrades that make the hen wrong. 4. with the above and restart the printer. 08 mm Z= 20. I am able to get everything working properly EXCEPT the auto level function. It’s okay if they are approximately right. Previous one was -0. Hit OK, Sonic Pad saves info and restarts. Was delighted to find PROBE_CALIBRATE feature. Then go into your own printer. X= 20. I had a print fail the other night. • • Edited. 2mm gauge should slide in but not 0. Note that the problem got worse this morning (doing multiple factory resets) when the new firmware came out (11-Feb 23), and every time I put filament change macro (M600) back in from the template (which includes a pause_resume), it lost the Hi peeps, So I own an ender 3 pro and it's quite modded, I recently purchased the sonic pad and although a lot of it does work quite well the very annoying but seems to be the probe calibration. Adjusted det probe offset for the new probe position: [bltouch] x_offset: -46. To start out you should have a bltouch section that’s above the do not edit section. Does anyone know what an acceptable value is for the z-offset as far as the sonic pad is concerned? Help with probe calibration. cfg file has that value in it, but the first layer is crap. 43. Set the Z-offset to just barely touch a piece of paper on the bed’s surface, to the point where you can just about remove it; Prepare a mesh through the Jyers and complete that We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. I have the same problem a lot too. It knows that it would be negative. Note the X and Y values of the axes, which will be your offset (horizontal distances between the probe and the nozzle) values. 588. • 2 yr. 2/ set XY position, where you have best results with the paper (and printer shows Z0) 3/ raise Z to about 10 mm. If your print plate is 310x310 (300x300 print area) then 150,150 would be the center and used for the safe z home. Setting G92 position 0 0 at the true 0 0. Open printer. Win. x, using a sheet of typing paper, lower it until I'm just feeling the drag of the nozzle, usually right around -0. changing the bedsize. I believe the values are . . 5/ go to Movement and lower Z till BLTouch lights up ***. In my case the probe is 32. •. That is a hell of a find. I have an Ender 3 and a few months ago I added the sonic pad and switched over to Klipper. 1mm feeler to set the offset. cfg, but the value displayed is 0 until you change it after the sonic pad was turned on. Z offset usually starts around 7. Code:PROBE_CALIBRATETESTZ Z=Further reading: https://www. Also if you dont have stock parts you would have to make more changes in the printer. been a long time since that happened however the bed / level issue became real. 0 Adjusted the safe_z_home to get the probe calibration to hit center of bed. Recently all my prints are failing like the nozzle is too far away from the bed on the first layer. This issue I have&hellip; Following the UI instructions on the Sonic Pad: Fully tightened the bed springs. Mine doesn’t so I had the same issue where the probe went over the edge. 1. The SAVE_CONFIG command will update the printer config file. 2mm (ensuring bed is at printing temp the whole time) Add strips of aluminium foil under problem negative spots to get variance lower. Measure these offsets using a ruler and note down the values. Feb 25, 2024 · this is all the code that was in printer. I'm not entirely sure. Stats 705896. Go back up to the [bltouch] section at the middle of the printer. This will get you to the fluidd interface. I have done factory reboot and started the setup from scratch multiple times and end up with same There is a menu option for “manual bed level” - after you level the 4 corners then it will do the mesh level. For example, if “SET_GCODE_OFFSET Z=0. # "make menuconfig" along with the same settings for STM32F103. X = -47 means the probe is 47mm to the left of the nozzle. ComprehensivePea1001 • 8 mo. 2mm added to their Z height. setting center to 0 0. 4,4 is 4 across and 4 up/down, meaning 16 points. First, you will need to mount the probe on the printer using the provided bracket: Use the 2 smaller screws included in the kit to mount the BLTouch sensor to the bracket. Dec 11, 2022 · My Z-offset was about -1. -40 and -10 if you measured 40mm and 10mm) in the X offset and the Y offset sections and save the settings. The problem is that the sonic pad does a xyz homing when calibrating the z-offset. 000 #pin_move_time: 0. Now it is 0. I have an Ender 5 S1 with a new Sonic Pad. I do this, then I do the manual level and then the auto-level all with the nozzle heated and cleaned and the bed up to my printing temperature. Well done. 28 and no second option. 10,10 100 etc. 2” is sent, then future G-Code moves will have 0. Jan 19, 2023 · Move the X and Y axes until the probe is over the point you have marked. [ Latest update: 21/03/2023 – V1. 2 marked on it, and we use a BLTouch v3. It’s based on Klipper which is a powerful open source 3D printing firmware. Note: See the optional section for additional macros. Sort by: Search Comments. But - answer to origin user - if you use browser with Fluid desktop (just enter the Sonic Pads IP in a browser) then there is a “save” button, where you can adjust the z-offset (AFTER the print has finished!). Then, delete any bltouch and zoffset stuff in the bottom do not edit section. I have now connected my sonic pad to it, flashed on Klipper and went through the process for levelling again. select ender 3 v2 abl 4. If you are talking about esteps calibration for extruder you have to use the web interface and edit the printer. cfg and find the z_offset: 0 uncomment/remove the # so it looks like [bltouch] z_offset: 0 Save and restart. E3V2, Sprite Pro + BL Touch. Auto-level the bed. Now go to probe calibration on the pad and use your 0. z_offset: 5. You won't see those moves other than the printed line either getting better or worse. So even when i raise the z axis before calibrating, after the homing the message occurs again. After it is added it will go though some self checks. cfg go to line 270 and put in your new offsets. I'll get you better info once home. Jan 18, 2023 · Manual Trimming (leveling) and Auto Trimming (leveling) are not working properly. To set the probe Z offset value with the M851 G-Code, all you need to do is pass the Z parameter alongside the Z offset value you would like to set to the M851 G-code, saving the new value to the May 3, 2023 · Background The Creality Sonic Pad is intended to be a “one-stop” solution for Klipper. 2 from sonic pad setup wizard, then skip to main screen without tests. hotend offset. MembersOnline. Modifying those values is used to get the probe to level at a certain point like home_xy_position and also when doing the auto bed mesh to make sure the probe stays on the bed. I was leveling the bed and ran the probe calibration. 5 depending on height of bltouch from bed The x_offset and y_offset in the bltouch section are used to tell the pad where, in relation to the nozzle, the probe is located. conf and change below lines. 10 # Probe control_pin: P2. open the creality example config and copy the ABL stuff over to your config exactly as they are then modify the printer specifics of the ABL lines you copied. Earlier versions had the z axis end stop and the probe directly behind the nozzle. Single-Reputation-44. I like to use different Hotend sizes. Jul 5, 2023 · And yes, you can use one Sonic Pad with up to four Creality 3D printers at the same time, so while it’s not the most cost-effective solution, it does make sense when using more than one 3D printer. 05 mm. Jul 28, 2021 · A quick guide on setting your probes Z offset in Klipper. on my E3 V2 on the display the exact offset value was always shown on the display and when adjusted this value was always seen there. The promises were exciting! I knew up front that the CR-10S wasn't a supported printer yet. Oct 5, 2022 · 5th October 2022 By Gidon 1 Comment. Ps: I am using sonic pad on an E3V2 and a E3V2 neo both May 3, 2023 · Help with Ender 3 pro with sprite, crtouch, dual z and klipper. org/Bed The area between these two points get divided up into small squares that get probed. When you try printing something in this area it cruches the bed or being far above the bed depending on the z offset and the printing area. It takes over control of your printer and makes it faster and easier to use. 9mm with each one of these, until I tried to redo the probe offset & level on the sonic pad. Ender 5 S1 With Sonic Pad New probe / bed issue. cfg. I've updated the firmware and tried other things but no solutions. robomopaw. I just bought an ender 5s1 and a sonic pad. I. 4/ go to Movement / ABL / BLTouch and Deploy the tip. I upgraded my hotend fan which meant the probe offset was slightly changed but when I changed it in the config the abl started skipping columns. I've tried, unsuccessfully, to update the "rotational distance" in the printer. ADMIN MOD. # is the GD32F103 then please select Disable SWD at startup in the. It's out of range. There you can adjust the X and Y offset of the CR Touch towards the nozzle. 460. Increase the ABL mesh density to 8x8 in printer. Y = -5 means that the probe is 5 mm in front of the nozzle. With the out of bounds warning it sounds somewhat like you may have picked the wrong printer when initially setting up the sonic pad. cfg change all Z offset values to 0. When I go to auto level my Ender 5 S1 it goes about 1 cm off the left edge of the bed…. It doesn’t use steps/mm either. cfg! the link you sent. Using a home made probe hooked to Z Probe line, & servo running off beeper output. tx sd qc kv bl rf vp gs rg ua