Vitamins for anxiety and depression

The role of Vitamin B12 in the production of neurotransmitters is particularly noteworthy, as dopamine and serotonin play pivotal roles in regulating mood B vitamins are absolutely crucial for your mental health, reducing stress, and preventing memory loss. Fish oil is rich in the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, which have been shown to improve symptoms in moderate and major depression and also to significantly reduce anxiety, says Tod Cooperman, MD, president and founder of ConsumerLab. Viva Naturals Premium Non-GMO Vitamin C With Bioflavonoids and Rose Hips, 1000 mg. 1 Approximately, 264 million people worldwide suffer from this disorder. Oct 15, 2023 · Antenatal depression is a risk factor for poor infant outcomes. 2020;16:(1)1–11. Sep 16, 2019 · 1. Oct 26, 2020 · Depression is more prevalent in women and young adults aged 18-25 years of age , most likely reported due to emotional or psychological stress. Four of the reviews and three of the protocols focused on prevention of depression or anxiety, one of the reviews focused on both prevention Jul 28, 2021 · whole grains. com Sponsor (A13): References: Dietary intake of B vitamins and their association with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms: A cross-sectional, population-based survey https://pubmed. As per the United States Department of Health and Human Services, the prevalence of depression is 8. Jan 12, 2022 · Vitamin D and depression. 2. This antioxidant has been scientifically researched and found to help manage symptoms of anxiety in women. Research shows that probiotics like kimchi, kombucha, miso, sauerkraut, and yogurt may also help improve symptoms of depression. The B-complex vitamins, a group of eight vitamins that includes B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12, are crucial for maintaining good health and well-being. Chong PS, Fung ML, Wong KH, Lim LW. Our results suggest that intervention with B vitamins and/or vitamin D may be Feb 23, 2024 · Yes, there is some research that shows magnesium may help reduce anxiety, says Dr. Oily fish like salmon and sardines are abundant in omega-3 fatty acids. ncbi. Useful for: Mild depression and mental fatigue, although more studies need to be done. Regular exercise may improve depression or anxiety symptoms enough to make a big difference. Oct 9, 2021 · Depression can often include symptoms of fatigue, and B-vitamins can help combat that. Anxiety and depression form commonest stress-induced psychiatric disorders. Lexapro (escitalopram: 5 to 20 mg daily for depression; 10 to 20 mg daily for anxiety. Any of the following may provide some relief: Fish oil. Researchers have found that many people who have depression also have low circulating levels of vitamin D in their blood, so it is possible that the two factors are May 31, 2023 · Nutritional and herbal supplements for anxiety and anxiety-related disorders: systematic review. Jun 3, 2020 · As depicted above, Fard et al. Magnesium deficiency can lead to stress, depression, and anxiety. Vitamin D is also important, as it plays a key role in regulating mood and fighting depression. com uses JavaScript to provide the best possible experience for our content, but your browser has it disabled. Jul 20, 2022 · Vitamin B6 may reduce anxiety symptoms, study shows. ‍ The Vital Role of B Vitamins. Cannibus. We searched PubMed to 2018. Supplements can be helpful in relieving the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Dec 10, 2022 · Research indicates that meditation can help to relieve anxiety symptoms, helping you to feel more at ease. All B vitamins help the body convert food (carbohydrates) into fuel (glucose), which is used to produce energy. 1. Incorporating leafy greens, berries, tomatoes, avocadoes, mushrooms, turkey, salmon, walnuts, milk, and more foods into your diet may help boost your mood. 5-HTP is not present in the food we consume, although the amino acid tryptophan is found in food, which 5-HTP is produced from. Deep Breathing Exercises. 6 Vitamin B deficiency has been linked to depression, anxiety, phobias, and other mood disorders. Paxil (paroxetine): 20 to 40 mg daily for depression; 20 to 60 mg daily for anxiety. Deficiency states may result in pernicious anemia. Vitamin D is considered to be a crucial nutrient for calcium absorption and homeostasis, thus influencing bone health and metabolism []. Lavender oil is “calming for body and mind. Nov 8, 2023 · Typical doses of common SSRIs, which, unless otherwise specified, treat both anxiety and depression, include: Celexa (citalopram): 20 to 40 milligrams (mg) daily. It’s better to focus on a well-balanced, healthy diet to Mar 28, 2022 · A 2021 study of this age group showed that using zinc supplements significantly reduced signs and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Certain breakfast cereals may be fortified with B-12 as well. I personally found methylfolate made me much worse and Sam-e much better. One study, for example, found that patients with higher concentrations of vitamin B12 in their blood responded better to treatment with antidepressants, suggesting that B12 supplementation may boost the effectiveness of the drug. Clinically, B12 may be best-known for its role in red blood cell production. And research suggests supplementing with B vitamins can help . Recomended for those with over methylation and or certain mthfr gene mutation. Vitamin B3 (niacin) is used in the manufacture of stress hormones, so the body’s supply becomes depleted under stress. a. eCollection 2022 Oct. 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) 5-HTP is a chemical derived from the seeds of an African plant known as Griffonia simplicifolia, which has been studied for its antidepressant effects on people with depression or anxiety disorders. Methods: This is a narrative review of the evidence regarding supplements for treating anxiety and depression. Feb 5, 2024 · Summary. nih. Sep 15, 2022 · Vitamin B6: A new approach to lowering anxiety, and depression? Vitamin B6: A new approach to lowering anxiety, and depression? Ann Med Surg (Lond). If you feel your anxiety is getting Sep 5, 2023 · Best natural supplements for depression and anxiety, including the evidence for fish oil, vitamin D, probiotics, and herbal supplements for depression such as curcumin (from turmeric) and saffron. In addition, magnesium, omega-3 fatty acids, l-theanine, and adaptogens such as ashwagandha, Rhodiola rosea, and valerian root have been found to enhance the body’s resilience to stress and Jun 14, 2022 · The Anxiety & Depression Association of America states that major depressive disorder (MDD) affects more than 16. healthy fats, especially olive oil. 1016/j. Folic acid has many uses in the body, and a vitamin B9 deficiency has been linked to higher levels of anxiety and depression. Rapid, shallow breathing is a common symptom of anxiety Nov 23, 2023 · The most effective vitamins for stress and anxiety relief include water-soluble B vitamins and vitamin C, and the fat-soluble vitamins A, D3, E, and K2. Jul 15, 2022 · Learn about 10 natural products that may help reduce symptoms of depression, such as rhodiola, saffron, omega-3s, and vitamin D. Passionflower is derived from the flower of Passiflora incarnata , a plant prevalent in Southeastern parts of the Americas. Will lower serotonin, so can worsen depression if you suffer from undermethylation. Mar 9, 2019 · B12 supports myelin (which allows nerve impulses to conduct) and when this vitamin is deficient, has been suspected to drive symptoms such as dementia, multiple sclerosis, impaired gait, and sensation. Feb 26, 2019 · Research suggests promise for some supplements in treating mild-to-moderate depression. Butyrate precursors are crucial. Phytopharmaceutical attends and animal-based data were excluded. seeds for folate. com, an independent evaluator of dietary supplements. Vitamin D supplementation may be helpful in the treatment of depression, according to research that has linked low vitamin D levels to the disorder. A few drops of lavender oil in your bath or a diffuser can help you to feel calmer. This article will delve into the role of certain vitamins in managing anxiety and depression. Aug 22, 2019 · 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is a naturally occurring amino acid and the essential precursors of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) an important neurotransmitter for mood regulation, memory, learning Nov 9, 2023 · In terms of perceived psychological stress, studies have shown that supplementing with B vitamins, for two to 12 weeks, may enhance subjective perception of stress and improve mood. If you are among the tens of Apr 11, 2023 · Best vitamin B-complex brand, with high absorption rate. The cure for vitamin B-3 deficiency might hover around the 20 mg mark, but when it comes to treatments for serious depression, a much higher dose is sometimes needed. 10 Best Vitamins For Anxiety. Fish Oil. They are essential for healthy nervous system function and may combat Sep 15, 2022 · The study adds to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of such supplements to improve cognitive function, treat mood disorders, and hence boost mental well-being. Although it will B-Complex Vitamins. Natural strategies like regular physical activity, aromatherapy, deep breathing, mindfulness, and chamomile tea may help you reduce anxiety symptoms. However, the completion of suicide attempts is more among men than women. Best vitamin C brand for preventing oxidative stress in the body, which triggers anxiety. They can be a natural alternative or constitute a more complex treatment plan. Nov 3, 2021 · 1. It is an important systematic review to describe vitamin D role in anxiety and depression. Vitamin B12 - Cobalamin. 2007; 76:549–556. Nerve and brain health, as well as mood management, are all significantly influenced by vitamin D. Sep 8, 2020 · 1. While considered generally safe, the supplement can have a fishy taste, and in high doses, it Jan 8, 2024 · Physical Exercise. It’s also a popular weight loss aid since it can Jan 29, 2024 · The impact of Vitamin B12 on mood and anxiety levels is significant. Deficiency in this vitamin can lead to various mental health symptoms, including depression, irritability, and anxiety. Compare your symptoms to the criteria in the DSM-5. 1 million American adults and is more prevalent in women than in men. Since Jul 19, 2022 · Two meta‐analyses of these studies have both reached promising conclusions; Long and Benton found positive effects of multivitamins on stress, anxiety and mild psychiatric symptoms (but not depression) that were greater when the supplement contained a higher B vitamin content, while Young et al. Discussion: B vitamins and vitamin D associated with other compounds also showed significant results, so the improvement in symptoms cannot be attributed strictly to those. Highly effective for depression and anxiety in certain particular individuals. One review of 60 studies found that doses ranging from 100–1,300 mg May 10, 2023 · Low levels of vitamin B12 can lead to a range of neurological symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and mood swings. Omega-3s have been studied in various mood disorders, such as postpartum depression, with some promising results. Research is mixed on whether it helps with anxiety. John’s wort “promotes a positive mood. Jan 21, 2013 · The current study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a vitamin B complex nutritional supplement (Max Stress B) for improving depressive and anxiety symptoms according to the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI) in 60 adults diagnosed with major depression or other forms of acetyl-L-carnitine and NADH - Not for depression/anxiey, but it can help increase focus and memory when it is depleted due to anxiety/depression. gov/33848753/ Oct 27, 2023 · Summarizing the Best Natural Supplements for Anxiety. Research has found that deficiencies in B vitamins may play a role in depression and anxiety. Best calming: Natural Vitality CALM Gummies. Mar 13, 2024 · Takeaway. Feb 3, 2022 · Rhodiola Rosea. (12) The mineral helps regulate cortisol and serotonin levels and calms receptors in the brain that manage anxiety levels. People who take vitamin D supplements are less likely to experience depression and anxiety. Magnesium is another supplement that can help reduce anxiety symptoms, as it has a calming effect on the nervous system. However, according to a 2017 Aug 12, 2022 · A quick look at the 7 best magnesium supplements for anxiety. 00:00 / 01:01:23. GABA) is a type of neurotransmitter, which is a chemical messenger in the brain. The researchers first gathered 478 participants with self-reported depression and/or anxiety who were randomly assigned to either Vitamin B6, or Vitamin B12, or a placebo. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis Glob Health. Vitamin B3. Best for a higher dose of omega-3: OceanBlue Omega-3 2100 mg. Hall-Flavin, M. doi: 10. DOI: 10. Vitamin D. Oct 16, 2017 · Dosage. Complementary and alternative treatments for late-life depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance: a review of randomized controlled trials. Celiac. Inflammation shuts down energy production in brain cells, contributing to stress, anxiety, brain fog, mental fatigue, and depression. fish. 2: Vitamin B6. (2017) explored both the baseline trace element level and possible benefits of Zn and Mg 2+ supplements on depression and anxiety symptoms among postpartum women. In 2019, it concluded that daily intake of nutritional Whether similar benefits could be conferred on patients with anxiety and depression, and how this herb compares with standard medications for anxiety or depression remains unclear. Two reviewers screened the citations and abstracted the data. Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin synthesized by the bacteria present in the human body. nlm. Antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E Jul 13, 2021 · Vitamin B6. 8 High-Impact Exercises. A genetic (in my case undermethylation) or acquired deficiency of B6 can result in abnormally low levels of these essential neurotransmitters and a myriad of problems, including ADHD, depression, anxiety, and Jun 10, 2024 · Vitamin C is critical for the production of neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin and the hormone testosterone. On the flip side, studies have found that the Western diet is linked to a heightened risk of depression. B6 (also known as pyridoxine) and P5P (the activated form) are required for the synthesis of dopamine and GABA in the brain. Magnesium is a powerful mineral for relaxation in the body. May 8, 2024 · Vitamin B3. Many studies on the Oct 27, 2020 · At Harvard, there is a large study underway examining whether omega-3 supplementation (alone or in combination with vitamin D) can prevent depression in healthy older adults. Low levels of B-12 and other B vitamins such as vitamin B-6 and folate may be linked to depression. To combat the biochemical changes which occur as a result of stress, there is antioxidant defence in the biological system. Leopold. It works to block certain signals in your central nervous system to actually slow Jun 1, 2018 · Answer From Daniel K. Vitamin B-12 and other B vitamins play a role in producing brain chemicals that affect mood and other brain functions. Without sufficient levels of vitamin C present, GABA receptors don’t work properly, which results in anxiety and depression because GABA inhibits transmission of nerve impulses during stress. Anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Spielberger State–Trait Anxiety Inventory and no statistically significant difference was observed in mean . 1186/1475-2891-9-42. One meta-analysis from 2019 published in the journal Depression and Anxiety found exercise helps protect against anxiety symptoms in people with anxiety disorders. John’s wort is Aug 28, 2020 · Thiamine (vitamin B1), niacinamide (vitamin B3), and pyridoxine (vitamin B6) have all been used to successfully treat many individuals with anxiety disorders and other mental health-related Vitamin B-complex is known to help stabilize mood and improve cognitive function. Some of the foods that contain high levels of B-12 include fish, lean meats, eggs, poultry and milk. [Google Scholar] Meeks TW, Wetherell JL, Irwin MR, Redwine LS, Jeste DV. John’s wort. An individual’s experience of mood is dependent on both exogenous ‘situational’ factors and intrinsic ‘dispositional’ factors, which are assumed to involve endogenous physiological processes such as fluctuations in hormones, neurotransmitters, and nutrients. St. 104663. However, no food will cure the disease. Vitamin D is important for regulating mood and may help alleviate symptoms of depression. Aug 3, 2021 · poultry for vitamin B12. Kefir, kombucha, live yogurt all contribute as probiotics. Oct 27, 2023 · “B vitamins in particular play a role in reducing depression, anxiety, and insomnia,” says registered dietitian nutritionist Yelena Wheeler, MPH, RD. While research is lacking on this topic Jun 22, 2023 · The MooDFOOD study looked at supplements and depression in 1,000 people with overweight and obesity at elevated risk of depression. Jan 2, 2024 · Here are some supplements that have shown promise in potentially managing symptoms of anxiety and depression: Ashwagandha : An adaptogenic herb known for its stress-relieving properties. [PMC free article] Mar 6, 2016 · Vitamins such as vitamin D, vitamin B1, vitamin C and vitamin B9 are often used alone or in conjunction with prescription medications to treat anxiety and depression. However, several investigations in the last few decades have revealed that this vitamin is associated with numerous extra-skeletal effects [] and that it plays a pivotal role in the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases []. Niacin also suppresses inflammation. Introduction: Vitamin and mineral nutritional supplements are becoming increasingly popular as alternative treatments for anxiety and depression, as issues such as side effects from medication, failure to respond to psychotherapy and workforce limitations pose barriers for successful treatment. 16. Secondary defence is by the nonenzymatic antioxidants like vitamins E (alphatocopherol), C (ascorbic acid), and β-carotene. Results: There are strong indications regarding the impact of supplements on the Baseline: Generally, a lot of depression is gut health related - gut is where 90% of serotonin is manufactured. Magnesium. Find out how they work, what the evidence says, and how to choose the best brands and dosages. What to take: Research has found that Jun 18, 2020 · B vitamins. While more research is needed, current studies are yielding promising results. We can’t really have energy and good moods when deficient in B vitamins. Best liquid Nov 3, 2022 · Lavender. Researchers studied the impact of vitamins B6 and B12 to see how well either vitamin may work at reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression Sep 6, 2022 · Active compounds in the valerian plant have sedative properties, making this herb another popular option for anxiety ( 21 ). B-complex vitamins, particularly vitamin B12 and folate, are important for brain function and may help improve mood. Am Fam Physician. May 1, 2024 · The top three mushroom supplements for anxiety and other mood disorders are reishi, lion’s mane, and cordyceps. It typically includes foods Oct 7, 2010 · Herbal and dietary supplements for treatment of anxiety disorders. "Omega-3 fatty acids are a basic building block of nerve cell membranes. Zinc and depression Studies have also linked low levels of Jul 25, 2022 · In the present study, researchers investigated the effects of high-dose supplementation of vitamin B6 or B12 on anxiety and depression. Being active for short periods of time, such as 10 to 15 minutes at a time, throughout the day can add up and have health benefits. From worsening anxiety to making depression more likely, sugar is Sep 13, 2022 · Salari N, et al. Jun 15, 2022 · 7. Orange is packed with a high content of Vitamin C and folate, that leads to the brain providing a healthy quantity of neurotransmitter dopamine and serotonin. Nov 2, 2021 · Research still doesn’t fully support taking magnesium for treating anxiety. May 16, 2022 · Learn about 10 dietary supplements that may help reduce anxiety symptoms, such as L-theanine, ashwagandha, magnesium, and CBD. Jun 5, 2024 · Magnesium is a mineral that can help calm the nervous system and reduce anxiety. 5-HTP supplements are often used to help alleviate depression symptoms. Jun 8, 2022 · Vitamins B9 and B12 are both thought to treat symptoms of anxiety. Magnesium glycinate is one of the best supplements for anxiety and stress thanks to its multi-pronged approach to regulating stress in the body. Best probiotic: Innovix Labs Mood Probiotic. Sep 25, 2023 · Gamma-aminobutyric acid (a. Valerian root reduces “levels of anxiety and stress. A September 2018 review of 19 clinical May 17, 2022 · Introduction. Best anxiety-fighting herbal supplement. The findings presented here are collective results of double Sep 11, 2018 · Omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 supplements are being studied as a possible treatment for depression and for depressive symptoms in people with bipolar disorder. Vitamin B6, also called pyridoxine, is one of 8 B vitamins. Anxiety disorders often occur along with other mental health problems — such as depression or substance misuse — which can make diagnosis more challenging. As Healthline explains: “folate [B9], B12, and B6, are needed for the production and regulation of neurotransmitters like serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and dopamine. It can increase dopamine production to increase feelings of pleasure, thus alleviating some symptoms associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). In severe cases, a vitamin B12 deficiency can cause more serious symptoms Aug 3, 2022 · Other high quality studies in women noted that taking 50,000 IU of vitamin D every 2 weeks, when paired with either probiotics or omega-3 supplements, helped improve depression, anxiety, and May 4, 2018 · This involves discussing your thoughts, feelings and behavior to help pinpoint a diagnosis and check for related complications. As for anxiety symptoms, the availability of results is limited to adjuvant vitamin D therapy. ConsumerLab. 2 It is characterized by sadness, feelings of worthlessness or guilt Sep 20, 2023 · This plant’s seeds naturally contain around 15% 5-HTP by weight . 7. k. Low levels of a vitamin can result from eating a poor diet or not being able to absorb Jun 13, 2022 · St. These are some of the supplements that people most widely use: 1. B-12, in particular, is known for being important to reduce fatigue. Dec 10, 2023 · The supplement 5-HTP may positively affect anxiety, appetite, mood and sleep, and reduce pain sensation. References. When taken in conjunction with B12, these B super-vitamins help metabolize serotonin, which is important for mood regulation. In the United States, 5-HTP is sold as an over-the-counter supplement for a variety of conditions, including anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, migraines, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and fibromyalgia. Herbal Supplements & Vitamins That May Treat Depression Apr 10, 2017 · 15. 2022. B6, in particular, is the go-to B vitamin for anxiety and sleep trouble. Some alternative medicine practitioners are also using it to treat insomnia, mood disorders, migraines, and headaches. Swanson Ashwagandha Stress Support, 450 mg Capsules. Feb 9, 2023 · A 2018 review study suggests that a low intake of omega-3 fats can raise the risk of anxiety and depression and that taking omega-3 supplements could help prevent or treat these conditions. eat apples and berries as “pre-biotics” - look this concept up. D. amsu. Find out how they work, what dosages to use, and what to look out for. 7% in individuals aged between 18 and 25 years. Many foods contain specific substances that may help ease symptoms of depression. Lithium Orotate (NOT to be confused with the drug lithium) is a mineral good as a mood stabilizers. Best for vitamin D: Persona Dec 1, 2019 · Some supplements are commonly used to help ease the symptoms of depression. Depression is a mood disturbance condition that lasts for more than two weeks in a row. The B-complex vitamins support the health of the adrenal glands to reduce stress, stabilize depressive moods, and balance out anxiety that can occur in women alongside premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Feb 6, 2023 · Vitamin B3 (niacin) has also been studied for its potential benefits on mental health conditions like depression, and has been found to be one of the key vitamins to help with anxiety, too. These mushrooms act in different ways, but all are anti-inflammatory and provide antioxidant and adaptogenic activity that supports mood regulation and brain function. According to online Sep 6, 2022 · Studies have found that folic acid deficiency may lead to anxiety and depression, and some studies claim that folic acid may reduce depression when taken in conjunction with vitamin B12. May 23, 2023 · Niacin may indirectly reduce depression by increasing your body’s availability of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. These fats are found in cold-water fish, flaxseed, flax oil, walnuts and some other foods. Physical exercise has been shown to help alleviate anxiety. That big difference can help kick-start further improvements. eggs. Omega-3s for other mental health conditions. Aromatherapy can be a helpful home treatment for anxiety, with little side effects. Several of the eight B vitamins may play a role in mood and anxiety: B1 (thiamine), B6 (pyridoxine), and B12 (cobalamin B vitamins control and produce important chemicals in your brain that impact depression and mood regulation. Broad-spectrum-micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) have shown efficacy in treating psychiatric symptoms in non-pregnant populations and are associated with reduced incidence of adverse birth outcomes, and improvements in neonatal development. Vitamin D plays a key role in mediating depression by releasing Feb 21, 2024 · Below are links to studies showing that vitamins in the B Complex help relieve anxiety and depression. This means that no minimum or maximum dosage is recommended specifically for anxiety. Introduction. Best for those with allergies: NOW Foods Magnesium Citrate Veg Capsules. Mood is an emotional mental state that can fluctuate both acutely and over time. A trial of magnesium for anxiety may be appropriate based on current evidence, he says. Vitamin A. Dec 23, 2023 · But even small amounts of physical activity can be helpful. Orange. Vitamin B12 is the most promising of all of the B-Vitamins. getting gut microbiome sussed is crucial. Aug 10, 2020 · Twenty focused on depression including seasonal affective disorder [47, 49–51, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60–62, 64–72], 6 focused on anxiety [48, 52, 53, 59, 63, 73], 1 covered both depression and anxiety . Jul 29, 2022 · A quick look at 8 of the best supplements for anxiety. For relief from cellular oxidative stress, it may be worth incorporating a good antioxidant supplement into your diet. Verdict: Possible Effect on Anxiety. Besides the fruit itself, there is a study that shows the effectiveness of orange aromatherapy massage in calming anxiety. I would only use this in low dosages (ie: 5mg a few times a week). selected for meta‐analysis only studies in Sep 24, 2008 · Thiamine (Vitamin B1) For anxiety, thiamine has been used successfully at doses of 250 mg/day to treat patients with anxiety disorders, including symptoms manifesting as chronic fatigue, insomnia, nightmares, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, chest and abdominal pain, depression, aggression, headache, diaphoresis, and fevers of unknown origin. ”. 2022 Sep 15;82:104663. su lj kd ye ed wi ax xl ho ff