Best way to flush adderall

amphetamine decreases effects of iobenguane I 123 by receptor binding competition. These medicines all increase availability of norepinephrine. Jul 18, 2023 · Health Jul 18, 2023 2:04 PM EDT. 5-mg and 10-mg Jun 13, 2023 · Prescription stimulants are used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), binge-eating disorder, and uncontrollable episodes of deep sleep called narcolepsy. vomiting. “Side effects tell the tale of what is happening in the brain and the body,” Grayson said, and Adderall side effects include dizziness, headache, insomnia, psychosis and depression. Maximum dosage is 40 mg/day [1] Adderall XR. Many people take advantage of both. Unusual tiredness ( fatigue) Nausea. This will increase the Adderall excretion rate from the body. 5 mg with weekly increments to a maximum recommended dose of 25 mg in 13–17 year olds and 50 mg in adult patients. Recognizing An Adderall Addiction. Urinate Frequently. dextroamphetamine decreases effects of iobenguane I 123 by receptor binding competition. The typical dosage range of Adderall for adults is 5 milligrams (mg) to 60 mg daily. May 24, 2022 · Adderall increases the amount of glucose released into your system. Side effects for nonstimulant ADHD drugs vary, and can be similar to those of stimulants. Alcohol can also make your ADHD worse. Adderall ® tablets contain d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine salts in the ratio of 3:1. A hard time sleeping. Mar 20, 2023 · A person’s metabolism, body weight and frequency of drug use affect how long drugs such as Adderall stay in the body. They’re approved for the treatment of ADHD and Apr 2, 2024 · The Adderall shortage can have a compounding effect on people who are also trying to manage their ADHD in ways that complement the medication, said Dr. 5, and 50 mg capsules. 5 mg, amphetamine sulfate 2. 5. The typical dosage range of Adderall XR for adults is 20 mg to 60 mg daily. (14) Feb 17, 2023 · In October, the Food and Drug Administration announced a national shortage of Adderall, citing “ongoing intermittent manufacturing delays. Some people choose to join a 12-step group like Narcotics Anonymous while others seek individual therapy. Following administration of a single dose 10 or 30 mg of Adderall ® to healthy volunteers under fasted conditions, peak plasma concentrations occurred approximately 3 hours post-dose for both d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine. A lethal dose results in death. The following list includes the most significant side effects from extended misuse: Trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. Focalin contains dexmethylphenidate whereas Adderall contains a mixture of amphetamine salts (MAS). Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) is a prodrug that gets converted into dexamphetamine once it is in the body. Adderall XR, an extended-release form, usually lasts about 12 hours. , has a 10 mg dosage of Adderall that is expected to Aug 24, 2023 · Focalin contains dexmethylphenidate whereas Adderall contains a mixture of amphetamine salts (MAS). Jan 20, 2023 · While Adderall is similar to “meth,” they aren’t identical chemicals. 1% of children and 3. gov or . The patient was otherwise in good May 30, 2024 · Adderall comes in two forms, and they have the same interactions. Brand-name drugs tend to cost more than their generic versions. May 6, 2024 · The maximum dosage is 40 mg per day. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a powerful tool for recovering Adderall addicts. Flax seed. Because these symptoms can make it difficult to function in daily life without a relapse, some people need help during detox. Teva Pharmaceuticals, which sells the most Adderall in the U. Frequent urination can help speed up the elimination of Adderall from your system. As with all stimulants, Adderall increases the levels of dopamine in the brain. These include: Fish oil. Thomas Mandat, 24, who was diagnosed with A. Dec 21, 2023 · In November 2023, some pharmacies in Puerto Vallarta were selling bottles of fake Adderall containing methamphetamine that were identical to this one that Times reporters purchased from a drug Feb 13, 2023 · In short, yes. Feb 9, 2016 · Swayed by this messaging, the public remains almost entirely ignorant of the fact that methamphetamine produces nearly identical effects to those produced by the popular ADHD medication d . ) when Sept. Jun 1, 2019 · Mydayis comes in 12. Any drug that Adderall is commonly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy (a sleep disorder). Common side effects of Adderall XR may include: stomach pain, nausea, loss of appetite; weight loss; mood changes, feeling nervous or irritable; fast heart rate; headache, dizziness; sleep problems (insomnia); or. Keep Adderall in a safe place away from others to prevent misuse and abuse. , a professor of medicine and chair of patient-centered clinical education at the Adderall starts to work about 30 minutes after you take it. in the third grade, hasn’t been able to fill his prescription for a month. Adderall® (Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate and Amphetamine Sulfate Tablets) is a Schedule II controlled substance. 5 mg twice daily, or 5 mg once a day [1] Increase dosage by 5 mg/wk until therapeutic range is reached. It is a psychostimulant drug used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy with potential for abuse. Maximum dose for children 6 to 12 years of age is 30 mg once daily. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember -- up to a point. Any drug that contains the word “buprenorphine”. Nov 18, 2016 · It can be. Dr. Initial dosing at 10-20mg every morning. Seizures. Drugs That Contain Opioids. Tolerance and dependency are warning signs of addiction. On the higher dose of Adderall, the patient experienced increased hyperactivity and Drug Schedules Drugs, substances, and certain chemicals used to make drugs are classified into five (5) distinct categories or schedules depending upon the drug’s acceptable medical use and the drug’s abuse or dependency potential. loss of bladder control. Dec 6, 2011 · For example, if you took 10mg of Adderall at 12AM (midnight), at 10AM 5mg of Adderall will be left in your body. Side effects like loss Oct 24, 2022 · Child dosage. Almost a year into the nationwide shortage of ADHD medications, federal agencies and drugmakers are blaming each other for empty pharmacy shelves May 13, 2024 · It may take some time to find the best combination. ADDERALL XR can be diverted for non-medical use into illicit channels or distribution [see Drug Abuse and Dependence (9. Oct 21, 2022 · Ten milligram tablets of the hyperactivity drug Adderall, made by Shire, is shown in a pharmacy on Jan. New or worse bipolar illness. As of 2022, there were Jul 23, 2012 · Jiao et al. Common side effects of Ritalin, Ritalin LA, Adderall, and Adderall XR include: loss May 19, 2023 · A stability study of Adderall as an oral liquid used the 10-mg tablet, which contains amphetamine aspartate 2. Jul 20, 2023 · Don’t take it at night -- it can keep you awake. This medication can cause slow growth in children. Also referred to as addys (the college student name), bennies, beans, black beauty, and more, this powerful amphetamine is most commonly used to treat symptoms of ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and narcolepsy Feb 16, 2024 · Official answer. Tolerance, extreme psychological dependence, and severe social disability have occurred. 5 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 2. gov means it’s official. Adderall is a prescription medication that doctors commonly prescribe to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. Adderall is a stimulant medication that is used to treat ADHD. INTRODUCTION. 9, 2023, 4:53 AM PDT. Tell your doctor if your child is not growing at a normal rate while using Adderall XR. (JB Reed/Bloomberg News) 7 min. Among rogue and unclassified pharmacies, prescriptions and health-related questionnaires were not required (100%), none offered pharmacist services (100%), and none placed a quantity limit on the number of Adderall Feb 13, 2024 · itching, skin rash. Sometimes, symptoms of stimulant withdrawal can Mar 2, 2020 · Adderall withdrawal is also a serious issue, and it is extremely important that adults and children take Adderall under the supervision of a doctor. Adderall’s recommended dosage for ADHD in children is as follows. It works by changing the amounts of certain natural subs. Although Ritalin and Adderall contain different ingredients, they are both classified as CNS stimulants and are thought to work in a similar way in ADHD - by increasing the concentration of two neurotransmitters (dopamine and norepinephrine) in the Sep 25, 2012 · 1. Mixing the two can lead to alcohol poisoning, heart problems, and behavioral issues. 6 days ago · Increased heart rate. pain or discomfort in the arms, jaw, back, or neck. Oct 20, 2023 · Pharmacokinetics. (1) Children (ages 6-12): Efficacy was established in one 3-week outpatient, controlled trial and one analogue classroom, controlled trial in children with ADHD. Long-term amphetamine exposure at sufficiently high doses in some animal species is known to produce abnormal dopamine system development or nerve damage, but, in humans with ADHD, long-term use of pharmaceutical amphetamines at therapeutic doses appears to improve brain May 7, 2024 · Adderall is an ADHD stimulant medication that’s been in use since 1996. The forms are: oral tablets; extended-release oral capsules (“extended release” means the drug is slowly released into your Adderall IR. These effects come at a cost, however. BELBUCA, BUAVAIL, BUTRANS, SUBOXONE, SUBUTEX, ZUBSOLV. Adderall is approved for children ages 3 years and older, while Adderall XR is approved for children ages 6 years and older. itching, skin rash. By Caroline Hopkins. The cardiovascular risks of Adderall misuse are heightened when you snort the drug. Federal government websites often end in . It is also used to treat a sleep disorder called narcolepsy. Feeling "spacey". inability to move the arms, legs, or facial muscles. com. Loss of appetite, weight loss, dry mouth, stomach upset/pain, nausea / vomiting, dizziness, headache, diarrhea, fever, nervousness, and trouble sleeping may occur. Dopamine is a chemical known as a neurotransmitter, which plays a role in learning ability, movement, attention, and in feelings of pleasure or even euphoria. Dextroamphetamine and amphetamine (Adderall) is also used to treat narcolepsy (a sleep disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep) in adults and children 12 years of age and older. Adderall XR is potentially addictive and can cause insomnia. Keep Adderall ® in a safe place to protect it What is Adderall? Adderall® is the trade name for a stimulant prescription drug containing four amphetamine salts. Adderall helps people with ADHD feel Feb 23, 2023 · Clara Pitts has always strived for perfection. Adderall ® is a federally controlled substance (CII) because it contains amphetamine that can be a target for people who abuse prescription medicines or street drugs. Adderall causes a stimulation of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which increase blood pressure and heart rate, says Levine Contraindicated (10) iobenguane I 123. 1–4 The use rates of PS is higher in the US compared to any other country, accounting for 83. Neither drug should be taken with alcohol and both have the potential to May 19, 2023 · Adderall and alcohol make a dangerous combination. H. It also lowers the convulsion threshold, meaning Adderall creates so much Jan 24, 2018 · It depends on how much you’ve ingested and how sensitive you are to stimulants. If you experience May 6, 2022 · Adderall can increase attention while reducing daytime sleepiness. Sep 13, 2023 · Modafinil improves wakefulness and decision making but does not make you any smarter. For Adderall XR, the recommended dosages based on age are below: 6-12 years old: The usual starting dosage is 5-10 mg once daily in the morning. As with other MAS formulations, Mydayis is a mixture of d- AMP and l -AMP in a ratio of 3:1. ”. Adderall is safe to use long term when taken at doctor-recommended dosages. stomach pain. Brands like Concerta and Ritalin are methylphenidate drugs. Adderall detox often involves a tapering down strategy. People can and do take both of these drugs, and oftentimes that’s OK, says Douglas Paauw, M. Apr 7, 2023 · Adderall is the commercial name of a mixture of a few types of amphetamines, which are stimulants that increase dopamine levels in the brain to help address deficits in those with ADHD. Nov 16, 2022 · Adderall Withdrawal: A ‘Zombified’ State. The generic You should consult your health care professional before taking any drug, changing your diet, or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment. You should consult your health care professional before taking any drug, changing your diet, or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment. . Mar 12, 2018 · Adderall is not approved for use by anyone younger than 6 years old. 2)]. For narcolepsy in adults, the dose can range from 5 to 60 mg per day. m. At 8PM, 2. There is no evidence that Adderall helps with anxiety, and it may make it worse. Fish oil, which contains omega-3 fatty acids, helps protect the brain. It works by increasing the activity of the central nervous system, which can lead to higher energy levels Oct 8, 2017 · Depression, irritability, or other changes in mood. dry mouth. How is Adderall prescribed for ADHD in children? ADHD, usually first diagnosed in childhood, is the most commonly diagnosed mental disorder among U. Prescriptions for drugs to treat Oct 25, 2023 · ADDERALL XR has a high potential for abuse and misuse. In rare cases, Ritalin and Adderall can result Jul 20, 2023 · It is used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, teens and adults. If any of these Apr 1, 2022 · Don’t take Adderall after 5 p. Pain when passing urine. Decreased appetite. Prescriptions written for Adderall increased by nearly fivefold from 2002 to 2012, making it easier for people to get the drug from a friend or family member. Approximately, 2% of American adults in 20–44 age groups were using stimulant medications for ADHD in 2010 which was a significant increase in use among both males and females (+188% and +265%, resp. Both have a high potential for abuse and dependence, although the risk may be perceived as higher with Adderall because it is more popular; however, this does not mean Focalin is less likely to cause tolerance or dependence. 4) Pediatric patients (ages 6 to 17) with severe renal impairment: 5 mg once daily in the morning. The combination of dextroamphetamine and amphetamine is in a class of medications called central nervous system stimulants. Adderall can also help treat narcolepsy, which is a sleep Feb 27, 2020 · Anxiety and irritability. It is a central nervous system stimulant with a high potential for abuse or drug dependence. Seven months later the daily dosage of both drugs doubled, and a month later Adderall was again increased to 80 mg bd. Selling or giving away Adderall may harm others, and is against the law. Aug 15, 2023 · Concerta and Adderall are both brand-name drugs. While a number of products claim to flush drugs from the body, the best way to get Adderall out of your system is to wait for the body to clear it naturally. The 7. decreased appetite. Stomach aches or cramping. Since these drugs work in the same way, they cause similar side effects. Heart attacks, strokes, and sudden deaths have happened in adults taking this medicine (dextroamphetamine and amphetamine extended-release capsules). constipation. Muscle pain or weakness, dark urine, or trouble passing urine. ( 2. The recommended starting dose is 12. Prescription stimulants (PS) are commonly used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Tips. muscle cramps or stiffness. Vomiting. If needed, your child’s daily dose may be increased by 5-10 mg every week, up to a maximum of 30 mg per day. large, hive-like swelling on the face, eyelids, lips, tongue, throat, hands, legs, feet, or genitals. 2. For adults and children over age 6 with ADHD, the maximum daily dose is 40 mg per day. Flax seed and Oct 23, 2023 · Ritalin contains methylphenidate whereas Adderall contains a mixture of amphetamine salts (MAS). Mar 6, 2023 · Side effects of Ritalin and Adderall. It is not known if Adderall ® is safe and effective in children with Narcolepsy under 6 years of age. Jul 20, 2023 · Some authors have reported a lack of effect or even deterioration following the addition of psychostimulants to people with depression. Tolerance, dependence, and addiction. Shortness of breath. Medications may not work for all ADHD symptoms or affect everyone the same way. The mixture produces an increase in wakefulness, attention, and resistance to fatigue while also reducing restlessness and impulsiveness. children aged 2 to 17 years. Suicidal thoughts. JGI/Jamie Grill/Getty Images. The 17-year-old Utah native has been named a 2023 National Merit Scholarship finalist. The effects begin to start wearing off after about four hours. Take the first dose when you wake up and the rest every 4 to 6 hours until you've taken the last Apr 5, 2023 · Adderall XR is a long-acting, once-daily formulation that combines four different amphetamine salts into one product and may be used to improve attention and focus, or reduce impulsive behaviors in children over the age of 6 and adults with ADHD. Sep 15, 2023 · What Is Adderall? Adderall is the brand name for a prescription medication that combines dextroamphetamine and amphetamine and is often prescribed to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recently, Sylvester and Agarwala (2012) reported another case of a 15-year-old male subject who suffered a myocardial infarction after starting Adderall XR. Feb 6, 2024 · In October 2022, the FDA announced a shortage of Adderall. 6% of adults in the US, with prevalence increasing over the past 30 years. “My Adderall’s not working. S. Many people have attempted to use masking agents to pass a drug test. by Drugs. ADHD. mil. 6 days ago · Adderall is the trade name for a drug known as mixed amphetamine salts, which is a combination of two forms of amphetamine and two forms of dextroamphetamine. Contraindicated. 5 half lives for a drug to be out of your system. Pediatric patients (ages 6 to 17): 10 mg once daily in the morning. Sarah Cheyette began switching patients to The longer a person misuses the drug, the higher the likelihood of experiencing Adderall's side effects, some of which are permanent and irreversible. As a rough guide it takes about 5. For adults, a lethal dose of amphetamine is reportedly between 20 mg to 25 mg per Adderall is a combination of dextroamphetamine and amphetamine. After nine months of difficulty finding and filling prescriptions for Adderall, ADHD patients are now facing shortages of other medications, leaving millions who Nov 15, 2022 · Newer nonstimulant medications, such as atomoxetine (Strattera) and viloxazine (Quelbree), are approved by the FDA to treat ADHD in adults, while guanfacine (Intuniv) is also approved for children. 19, 2006. (2009) reported a second case of a 20-year-old ADHD college freshman with myocardial infarction after taking two 15-mg tablets of Adderall XR. insomnia. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. It’s an amphetamine-based drug. The main difference between Adderall and Vyvanse is that Adderall is a mixture of four different kinds of amphetamine salts while Vyvanse only contains one type of amphetamine salt, called lisdexamfetamine. Starting dose is 2. Sep 22, 2015 · Norepinephrine also helps increase focus. 5 mg, and dextroamphetamine sulfate 2. Adderall and Adderall XR are approved to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. But Adderall is a different type of medication than some other common brands. Aug 31, 2022 · Common side effects of Adderall can include: weight loss. The same molecules that rev up the sleepy parts of the brain also jumpstart the cardiovascular system—sometimes too much, Arnold says. 5 mg. Many people who DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE. Stroke. The safety characteristics of all online pharmacies selling Adderall are described in Table 1 . The common side effects of adderall are anxiety, dry mouth, appetite loss, and sleep issues. Learn about its uses, side effects, interactions, pictures, warnings and user ratings from WebMD, the trusted source of medical Feb 13, 2024 · faintness. The abuse rate is a determinate factor in the scheduling of the drug; for example, Schedule I drugs have a high potential for abuse and the potential to create Sep 7, 2020 · Abbreviation used: M, million. 5mg will be left, and so forth until there is 0mg left in your body. red skin lesions, often with a purple center. For adderall then it would take just over 2 days for a dose to be out Jan 7, 2020 · Method 1: Waiting for your body to clear Adderall Naturally. Taking a drug for the sole purpose of preventing withdrawal is a classic symptom of addiction. Those snorting Adderall also have a heightened risk of overdose. Once Adderall leaves the body, the symptoms of withdrawal begin. Ritalin is the brand name for a stimulant called methylphenidate. Amphetamines have been extensively abused. Aug 8, 2016 · CNS stimulants act by inhibiting reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine as well as increasing their release into the extracellular space. In his first two weeks Jul 20, 2023 · Adderall is the brand name for a mix of two stimulants called amphetamine-dextroamphetamine. Both medications come in two forms The . D. 1,3 It is classified as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that helps treat distractibility, short attention span, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). muscle spasm or jerking of the arms and legs. Long-term abuse of Adderall can also cause psychological problems, such as hallucinations, paranoia and suicidal thoughts. Mar 5, 2024 · Detoxification is the process of getting a drug out of the user’s system. Oct 12, 2016 · In 2012, roughly 16 million Adderall prescriptions were written for adults between ages 20 and 39, according to QuintilesIMS, an information-and-technology-services company that gathers health Mar 10, 2024 · Snorting also amplifies other Adderall side effects such as irregular heartbeat. ADHD is a mental health condition that affects nearly 6. Adderall is a prescription drug used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy. Jul 15, 2022 · Typically, your dosage will depend on whether you take Adderall or Adderall XR and what condition it is treating. Drinking plenty of water helps to dilute the concentration of Adderall in your body and promotes its excretion through urine. 2, 2. diarrhea. Try drinking a lot of water and increase your physical activities. Methamphetamine can be used to treat ADHD but only under careful doctor supervision. For many people, common side effects such as loss of appetite, dry mouth, or insomnia are reduced ADDERALL XR, a CNS stimulant, is indicated for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Since then, doctors say other ADHD medications, such as Focalin, Ritalin and Vyvanse, have become in short supply. Maximum dosage is 40 mg/day. John Mitchell, an associate professor in Oct 30, 2023 · Adderall XR Dosage and Administration. Feb 24, 2022 · Long-term effects. Four months later, the medication remains hard to get and could stay that way Jul 3, 2019 · Summary. 5, 25, 37. Videos of people who claim that their medication is no longer effective have recently catapulted through TikTok. This combination medication is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD. Like all stimulants, Adderall works by improving the way parts of the brain communicate with each other. When Adderall is taken intranasally, the medication enters the bloodstream rapidly and exerts its effects more quickly. 1,3 It can also be prescribed for Jan 28, 2019 · Dextroamphetamine and amphetamine (brand name: Adderall) and dextroamphetamine (brand name: Dexedrine) are both central nervous system stimulants. Adderall was started initially at 20 mg daily and two months later increased to 40 mg, and fluoxetine 20 mg/day was added as a mood stabilizer. Feb 18, 2023 · Adderall shortage hits more people with ADHD : Shots - Health News The FDA announced the supply troubles in the fall. 4 The tablets contain microcrystalline cellulose and colloidal silicon dioxide as inactive ingredients. Stop using Adderall completely so that your liver can metabolize it and your kidneys can excrete it. Dec 18, 2019 · Some natural supplements may help you focus better and improve memory. In general, Adderall extended-release is less expensive than Concerta. inability to speak. headaches. There’s a continued shortage of certain types of Feb 6, 2024 · Continuing treatment after quitting Adderall helps prevent the possibility of a relapse. nausea. This can increase your blood sugar and lead to: stomach pain. If clinically appropriate, discontinue drugs that compete for NE receptor sites for at least 5 half-lives; may cause false-negative imaging results. 1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ADDERALL XR ® is indicated for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Mood swings. Adderall is also much more likely than modafinil to cause addiction and dependence and withdrawal symptoms on discontinuation, in addition to more side effects, without improving IQ. It isn’t recommended for children under 3. If any of these effects last or Apr 5, 2018 · Increased heart rate and blood pressure. Oct 1, 2020 · Examples of Products on the Flush List 1. Nov 8, 2022 · Yes, Adderall is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance by the U. In one, someone clutches a Loss of appetite, weight loss, dry mouth, stomach upset/pain, nausea / vomiting, dizziness, headache, diarrhea, fever, nervousness, and trouble sleeping may occur. The use of ADDERALL XR exposes individuals to the risks of abuse and misuse, which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction. Owing to its stimulant effects, however, Adderall Sep 11, 2020 · Grace Cary/Getty Images. 3, 2. One of the simplest and most effective ways to flush Adderall out of your system is by staying hydrated. The efficacy of ADDERALL XR in the treatment of ADHD was established on the basis of two controlled trials in children aged 6 to 12, one controlled trial in adolescents aged 13 to 17, and one controlled trial in adults who met DSM-IV ® criteria for Mar 9, 2023 · March 9, 2023. A combination of medication, therapy, behavior changes, and Oct 14, 2022 · Expected recovery times for manufacturers' supplies of the prescription vary. And she heads to Brigham Young University as a freshman this fall. There Side Effects. 1% of global PS medication Jun 19, 2023 · For people without ADHD, who may be tempted to take Ritalin or Adderall as a study drug, this can end up making them feel jittery and anxious, causing them to focus too much on smaller, less Jan 4, 2024 · Any sores or wounds on the fingers or toes. The later you take this drug, the more likely it is to keep you awake at night. kb mv ib fl gr md to bt fg eo